Tuesday, September 27, 2016
Greater Nepal nationalist front hands over memo about Lepu lek
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Kathmandu, June 15: The Greater Nepal Nationalist Front has demanded that the government maintain Nepal’s administration from Limpiyadhura to Lipu Lek.
turning in a 3-point memorandum to deputy high minister and home minister bamdev gautam today, the front has drawn the attention of the house minister towards the settlement reached lately among india and china to open a exchange direction through lipu lek that falls in nepali territory, and demanded to take initiative to have it repealed. accepting the memo, home minister gautam stated communique through diplomatic channel has already been made to both the nations, in search of clarification over the problem. “the government is decided to set up the united states’s real border with its neighbours”, he said
Greater Nepal and the Gorkhaland Movement.
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Issues upon Darjeeling and a plot to Dissect West Bengal.
Part - I
My birthplace is siliguri, underneath darjeeling district of west bengal and my father and forefather’s place of birth became at at darjeeling. my father completed his research at darjeeling and afterward settled at siliguri. it's miles possibly recognised to all of us that darjeeling is known to be the “queen of the hills” all over the global, by means of virtue of her diverse nature of seasonal splendor and hence she attracts plenty of travelers now not most effective from india but additionally from overseas. however the nearby human beings of darjeeling have to conflict difficult day by day for his or her living towards the odds of nature however even then, their sober, friendly and helping mindset is clearly reward worth.These local people suffer from the odds of nature, adverse condition of the hills disturbs the communication, inadequate supply of water for drinking and performing day to day activities, inadequate supply of medicine and want of Good doctors and Hospitals. The Rock specialists and Geologists in India classify the hills of Darjeeling as Crystalline Zone. Thus in these crystalline zone, construction of roads require intense nature of specialized technical design and construction phenomena like application of geo-synthetics, stabilization of the major shear planes and slip zones etc. Furthermore in spite of having adequate rains in these hills, construction water shed area or reservoir for supply of water also requires specialized techniques. These techniques are to be governed by utmost supervision, specialized design, and enormous amount of fund and each of these construction must be treated as a separate project supported with a Detailed project Report (DPR).
As discussed earlier about the behavior of the local people of the Hills, their simple attitude was collectively exploited by some lumpen from the year 1975 onwards. They started to demand for a separate Gorkha Land under the leadership of Subhash Ghising (an ex-service man of the Gurkha rifles) and continued agitation in the Hills in various non-democratic forms. They broke the Glass House, set in fire places of Historical importance, condemned and attacked Govt Officials, used weapons, bombs and grenades (The sources of these weapons is again questionable as is questionable presently in Purulia, Nandigram etc.) and unlimited strikes often and on with a sole aim to de-activate the Govt. machinery .Their again main target of attack was CPI(M) party members/supporters and many CPI(M) party members were murdered and party offices were burned. Their so formed organization named as GNLF (Gorkha national liberation front) became so much destructive and non-democratic in their movement that State Govt. after due counseling with the then Congress (I) ruled Central Govt. started to encounter their movement through Administration and Police because in the mean time all means of mutual discussions were in vain. The GNLF did not contest any elections themselves, used communal abusive languages, and barred forcefully local people of the hills to boycott polls. However the State Govt. was ultimately in a position to control these anarchy but again in the year 1989, during the Lok Sabha elections, GNLF was suddenly supported by Congress (I) & they defeated the existing MP of CPI (M) from the Darjeeling lok sabha seat.. However, a so-called Autonomous Hill Council (DGHC-Darjeeling Gorkha Hill Council) vested with more powers for the Development of the Hills was formed on 26th August 1988. On the same day, Shri Jyoti Basu, Chief Minister of West Bengal and Subhash Ghishing representing Hill Council signed the agreement. Shri Buta Singh, C G Somaiah, Rabin Sengupta was present in the said ceremony. Shri Nirmal Basu, Kanai Bhaumik, Jatin Chakravorty, Kiranmoy Nanda, Harkishen Singh Surjeet, Abdus Sattar and Shri Budhdhadeb Bhattacharya were present there as witnesses. Presently the people and the Lumpen organizations demanding for separate state of Gorkhaland and various political parties/organizations with media playing foul in the back end perhaps are not aware of the contents of that agreement. It was clearly mentioned in the agreement that for the national interest and after paying heed to the request of the Prime Minister, GNLF thus drops the idea and subsequent demand of a separate state of Gorkhaland (Unquoted). The GNLF thus agrees to the proposal of formation of an autonomous Hill council under the rules and guidelines of the State Government for the social, economic, educational and cultural development of the residents of the hills (not exclusively nepalis)(unquoted). The salient features in the agreement are appended hereunder for ready reference.
1) The Council will be called-----“Darjeeling Gorkha Hill Council”
2) Three sub-divisions in the District of Darjeeling i.e. Darjeeling, Kurseoung and Kalimpong will be included in the jurisdiction of this council. Furthermore the mouzas that will be included in the said council are Lohagarh T.E, Lohagarh Forest, Panighata, Rang mohan, Barachenga, Chota Adalpur, Pahar, Suknaban, Sukna—Part 1, Shandapati Ban-1, Mahanadi Ban, Champasari Ban and Salbari Chat part – 2. These mouzas are all under Siliguri Sub-division. Furthermore it is also detailed in the said agreement that after the formation of the Council, the state government shall provide the council with land either in lease or by some other means as deemed fit, for the administrative ease and development of the council, within the area under Siliguri Sub-division (in the area adjoining Darjeeling more).
3) The executive powers vested upon the council shall be guided by the rules of the Central and State government. Excluding protected wildlife areas or for any other reasons excluding agriculture, cattle grazing, building establishments, for acquiring land for the interest of the commons, the council shall have the right to use, acquire or evacuate any land for the following purposes…I) for forestation ii) for using any source of water and or canals for agricultural benefits iii) agriculture iv) Public health, dispensary, hospitals and public health v) tourism vi) education/technical education vii) Public works---planning and development. In addition to that looking after the development including supervision of other roads excluding any national and state highways.
4) Organizing and regulating of market which are not controlled and regulated by any Panchayet bodies, Municipalities.
5) Education including Primary, Secondary and Higher Secondary.
6) Power vested by the Government departments i.r.o Land and buildings, small-scale industries.
7) Controlling, regulating and maneuvering the different activities of Panchayet bodies, municipalities. The total number of members in the council will be 42 out of which 28 numbers will be elected and the State Government will nominate the balance members. An executive body is to be formed within these council members. The Chairman and the Vice-Chairman of the general council will be automatically members of the executive council and the Chairman of the Executive council will be the Chief Executive Councilor. He shall have the dignity of a state minister.
The election of the Hill council is to be completed by 15th December’1988. The State Government agreed to review different legal actions/suits lodged against the members of the GNLF involved in different rioting and other illegal activities in their previous movement, excluding murder. The accused persons except convicted of murder will be released after the State Government withdraws all the legal suits. The proceedings for these legal reviews are to be started within 15 days from the date of agreement of Hill council.
The actions against Government employees, involved in rioting.
1) The State Government shall withdraw all sorts of legal suits against those government employees charged for different illegal/anti-government activities during movement.(except murder).
2) The GNLF shall issue a statement to its members to submit all the un-authorized weapons possessed and used by them, to submit to the District administration within a stipulated time for which no legal actions will be initiated against them.
3) The GNLF shall withdraw all its movements from the hills and impart active co-operation to the Government for maintaining peace and normalcy in the hills.
Shri Jyoti Basu, Hon’ble Chief Minister, Government of West Bengal, Shri R N Sengupta, Chief Secretary, GNLF supreme, Shri Subhash Ghising and Shri C G Somaiah, Chief Secretary of the Government of India signed the agreement.
Almost 20 yrs have passed from then with out any significant development in the hills. The DGHC councilors rampantly devoured the huge funds allotted for the development and as usually, people of the hills suffered. However in the recent past i.e, from the year 2007, we came to know of the recent formation of a fragmentation named Gorkha Janamukti Morcha (GJM) from the GNLF. We came to know that like previous demand of GNLF, the GJM were up for their separate Gorkhaland. Similarly like their predecessors, their form of movement was the same. Attacking and destructing, Hooliganism in the name of their so Called “Gandhian Movement”. The left front Govt. of West Bengal strongly object to their demand but however is still on an effort to summon and organize series of discussions with the members of GJM and Central Government. But they were very much adamant in their attitude to stick on to their demand of a separate Gorkhaland. They, like the previous 80’s, are calling for indefinite strikes in the hills and started to persecute only the CPI (M) party members/supporters. The CPI (M) party members are forced to surrender or are driven out from the hills. In this context, the dual character of Congress was again envisaged. The Prodesh Congress Sabhapati of West Bengal stated that he did not support the division of the State but at the same time the Congress MP from the hills supports the demand of Gorkhaland. However the State Govt. like before is taking a good gesture and is eager for all political meeting. The State Govt. however is still insisting for granting more powers to the people of hills through the Central Govt. but GJM was again equally adamant in their demands.
The Press and the media for some embedded obvious reasons started to take the advantage of the situation. As usual they made responsible the CPI (M) for this anarchy. The TV Channels convened opinion polls with the so-called intellectuals of Kolkata (Those who visit the hills once in a year for few days) and they started the same juggling with Journalism. Some of them declared that a separate Gorkhaland should be made. Some of the TV Channel like Kolkata TV went straight up to Darjeeling and organized an opinion poll there with the local people of Darjeeling and the Leaders of GJM. The Bengali daily Anandabazar Patrika, captioned in their editorial page on the issue of 2nd July, 2008, that Gorkhaland was the demand of CPI (M) party secretary Shri Ratan Lal Brahmin at the very beginning of Indian Independence (1947) and now that they are diverting away from the same. This may be noted that these sorts of Statement, which does not reveal the full truth, is not only a crime but also politically motivated. Regarding this claim of Anandabazar Patrika, I want to bring in light certain points, because the political intentions of Anandabazar Patrika must be revealed.
1) It was 6th April, 1947, prior to the Indian Independence, (when there were no defined District Committee of the Communist Party in Darjeeling and the organizational activities there were maneuvered by Comrade Sushil Chatterjee who later on brought in the movement, Comrade Ratanlal Brahmin for his dire struggle for the commons and the poor people in the hills) Ganesh Lal Subba was a local Secretary of the party at Darjeeling. It was his proposal of a separate Gorkhastan and not the party’s proposal. The said proposal was never vetted by any of the local, zonal, District or state committee of the party. Shri Ganesh Lal Subba was later on expelled from the party. Similarly the party had expelled later MP Daoa Lama and R B Rai for their demand of a separate State. Anandabazar Patrika must study more prior to combating CPI (M).
2) In the Party’s Kolkata Congress in the year 1951, it was decided that a demand will be raised for autonomy for the hilly areas of Darjeeling and it was unanimously accepted. Later on in the year 1972, during 9th Party Congress at Madurai, the scientific justifications of creation local autonomous bodies were duly emphasized.
3) In the year 1956, Darjeeling District Committee of the Party placed the demand of Autonomous administration to the State Govt. The copy of the same was placed to the Prime Minister, President and all Political Parties.
4) In the year 1955, Shri Jyoti Basu placed the demand of the Constitutional rights of the Nepali language, autonomy in Darjeeling and the rights and claims of the Tea workers and the party fought for these demands till 1977 when CPI(M) MLA , Shri Biren Bose raised the demand. Till as on date the party comrades in the hills e.g. Com S.P. Lepcha and others are fighting for more autonomy in the hills but they are now persecuted.
5) The historical movement for claims and rights of the Tea workers started in the year 1955 under the leadership of Com. Ratan Lal Brahmin. On 25th June, 1955, the Police opened fire over the labourers in the movement and many including children and women died.
6) Finally I am hereby quoting a deputation of the Communist Party against the British Empire in India
“The Communist Party of India vehemently opposes the sinister British Imperialistic plot of excluding the district of Darjeeling from the rest of India and its constitution into a separate chief Commissioner’s Province as has been put forward by the Hillmen’s Association in its memorial to Lord Pethick Lawrence, Secretary of State of India, in December 1946. This Association (Hillmen’s Association) represents none but the local agents of the British Imperialism. The Communist Party of India is also opposed to any such plans that might be put forward by the local agents of British Imperialism in a modified form. It has reason to apprehend that the British Imperialists are hatching a plot to place the district of Darjeeling with other tribal peoples of Assam and Dooars in an altogether new Province to be called the North Eastern Himalayan Hill Province.”
The examples of the so-called Democratic movement, of Shri Bimal Gurung, the GJM supremo, in the hills. (But before the Press and media he says that it is the activity of his supporters whenever they are moved emotionally.)
1) Forceful strikes in the hills.
2) Setting in fire CPI (M) party offices.
3) Barring all other opposition parties from carrying out any political activities in the hills.
4) Barring Shri Ashoke Bhattacharya, State Minister from entering Mirik, his own constituency.
5) Threatening CPI (M) Party members (Not other Parties exclusively) and supporters to leave hills if they did not surrender.
6) Closing down educational institutions and forcing students to participate in the rallies and hunger strikes.
7) Stopping the project works/activities related to development e.g. roads, hydel projects etc.
8) Preventing consumers to deposit electricity bills and telephone bills for over a year.
9) Forcing the vehicle owners to fix vehicle number plate captioned GL in their vehicles in place of WB.
10) Closing down the activities in the tea gardens, and taking capturing all the trade union offices thus putting an end to the daily living, demands and movements of the tea workers.
11) Disconnecting power lines and water supply lines of the houses of the members/supporters of CPIM and alienating them from the society through social boycott.
And many more……..
As gathered from the historical details, Darjeeling was never the originally inhabited by the Nepalese. It must be clearly understood that gurkhas never constitute a separate entity. However some lepchas originally inhabited the district of Darjeeling. In addition to them, some other local tribal groups along with Bhutanis, who can never be called as gurkhas, also inhabited this district. The independent state of Sikkim comparatively feeble in defense was often and on attacked by Nepal and Bhutan and eventually, the British East India Company, on request from the Govt. of Sikkim, came to their aid. Nepal and Bhutan stopped invading Sikkim and as a token of gratitude, the King of Sikkim handed over the existing sub-divisions of Kurseoung, Darjeeling, Kalimpong and the desolate Siliguri to the British people. In the year 1907, Siliguri came into existence totally after including some areas of Jalpaiguri. As per documents gathered from the writings of Professor Haren Ghosh, Kalimpong was initially under the control of Bhutan. No area of this district was under the control of Nepal. The British East India Company acquired Darjeeling in return of Rupees three thousand annually and made this place a center of medical care for the sick and injured defense personnel. As per agreement had with the Sikkim Government in the year 1835, the British reframed Darjeeling, Kurseoung and kalimpong into a new society. They build up Security barracks at Jolapahar, Lebong and also several educational institutions and Hospitals. The cultivation of tea started there in the year 1865 from Mokaibari and accordingly many labors were required for the said cultivation. Hence thousands of Labors came here from Nepal for earning their daily living. Most of them joined the British army. The Gurkha rifles were so formed. The toy train was commissioned in the year 1880. Later many peoples from the various parts of India came here for various reasons e.g., Service, business, trading etc and many of them settled here.
The Nepalese in general are very much honest, sincere, simple, trustworthy and hardworking. The importance of Siliguri and the district of Darjeeling as a whole have increased manifold for geographical and economic reasons. Many tourists from various parts of India and abroad visit the hills for its scenic beauty and the tourism industry is thus equally benefited. In addition to Bengalis and Nepalese, Marwaris, Beharis, Sikh etc live here in harmony. From my experience, I gather that the common people (mainly Nepalese) in the hills are least bothered in formation of the previous Darjeeling Gorkha Hill Council (DGHC) or Gorkhaland because they say that the development in the hills have come to a standstill during these period of agitation from the year 1980. The concentration of power and might among a fistful have made the life of the poor much more troublesome and painful. They simply want job for which they seek Industries to be here. They are in want safe drinking water/supply water, improved communication facilities, drainage facilities, educational facilities and medical institutions and doctors.
From Parijat Bhattacharya, Ghum, Darjeeling
Dated 20/12/2008.
Part 2
“Greater Nepal and Gorkhaland Movement----Strings attached???”
Many of us might have thought that after CPN (Mao) jointly came to power in Nepal, they would rather take efforts to strengthen ties with China and would restrain their international relations with India and in such a situation India will be antagonized against Nepal but nothing of that sort happened rather Prachand after the Mao uprising had come to Delhi and had progressive and peaceful talks. However some countries or powers are very keen and pro-active in making international relations restrained between these two countries. As US imperialism has a very bad habit in involving itself into the internal relations of different countries, accordingly they are looking for various pretexts in interfering within the internal affairs of Nepal with an obvious purpose to extend their hegemony. They only have a thus dire objective to remove the Maobadis out of the State Power and accordingly they are thus hatching various plots. They, I mean these Yankees are thus very reluctant in admitting the hierarchy of the Maobadis as they are very well aware of the fact that the geographical position of Nepal has a strategic importance between India and China.
In view its geographical, socio-economical aspects and culture, the state of Nepal can be broadly divided into four major areas or portions.
1) Southern side, the area adjoining the Indian border, the terai area that is more or less plain in nature and fertile. The said area may be termed ar the food basket or food source of Nepal.
2) North to the said area lies the Siwaliks constituting small, medium hilly ranges with a maximum height of 1500 meters and Mahabharat range with mountain ranges with a height range from 1500 meters to 3000 meters. This area is pretty populated with a moderate population density.
3) Valley area where the Capital Katmandu lies. It is thickly populated and is very much fertile having also various industrial units.
4) Fourth, the Himalayan ranges constituting Everest, Khanchendzongha etc.
This terai area described under SL (3) hence attracts lot of international attention not only for economic indexes but also for politics. This area hence bears lot of relevance in respect of the state economy and politics. Lot of people resides here and most of them are of Indian origin. This Terai area constituting Katmandu bears lot of relevance in the Political and Economical sphere of Nepal (Industry based). The Maoist politics bears lesser relevance here and has lesser influence in this area but here exists some terai based provincial parties who are dominant in this area. These peoples believe to segregate this Terai area from Nepal and they are known to be “Madhesis”. The general elections in Nepal could only be conducted through mutual discussion and negotiation with these Madhesis as they bear lot of relevance in the Political scenario of Nepal. The President was elected from the leaders of these Madhesis. The Nepal government is thus ruling this state of Nepal through series of negotiations with these Madhesis on various national and International issues. The 19th Party Congress of the CPIM thus analyses this situation at Nepal and describes the situation in Nepal accordingly. The CPIM analysis thus says that various militant groups active within these Madhesis are demanding to represent and interfere in the various administrative machineries and democratic platforms of the Government, on a sole objective to create anarchy and obstruct democracy. They are spreading various forms of communal sentiments and with reactionary ideas with an objective to divide the masses through various linguistic and cultural barriers. However there are many anti-Indian forces in Nepal who are very much active for a long time and these forces want that the relation between India and Nepal get hostile. These people had thus demanded through agitation for restoring the Greater Nepal in front of the Indian embassy at Kathmandu on 26th of January’2009. As per treaty with the British Government and Nepal in the year 1816, the areas of Sikkim, present Uttaranchal, Siliguri and Darjeeling of West Bengal and Himachal Pradesh were taken over by the British Government. After Independence, a fresh treaty was signed between the Government of India and Nepal. Now these communal and Anti-Indian forces are demanding to the Government of India and Nepal for restoring these areas handed over 200 yrs ago to Nepal and if the said demand is not paid any heed then they would resort to violent agitations much more intense than that in Kashmir. As per the versions of one of their leaders……”I have visited these areas and found that Nepalese of Indian origin as well as Nepalese forced to seek menial jobs in India support the demand”. A front named UNNF (United Nepal National Front) are demanding for Greater Nepal constituting these anti-Indian forces in Nepal and they have published a map of their proposed Greater Nepal and the same has been placed to the Queen of England. It is interesting and quite relevant to note that portions of West Bengal (including Siliguri and Dooars) shown in the map proposed by UNNF in demand of Greater Nepal and is exactly the replica of the map proposed by the armed revolution group in demand of Gorkhaland. The leaders of the UNNF thus views the initial Sigauli Treaty signed in the year 1816 as illegal and now as the English people have left, India should return those areas back to Nepal which hereby means that the main issue seems not only creation of a separate state of Gorkhaland but to join itself with the so called greater Nepal with an effort to dissect India. The question here not only rises for handing over the regions of Darjeeling and Siliguri as a separate entity of Gorkhaland but it also a plot to cut away portions of our country like Sikkim, Himachal Pradesh and Uttaranchal in the name of Gorkhaland or Greater Nepal. The leaders of the present movement headed by Morcha are equally liable to give suitable statements in regard to this demand of Gorkhastan or Greater Nepal.
After a series of armed revolution, destruction of government and private property and bloodshed by the GNLF activists, Rajib Gandhi, Jyoti Basu and Subhash Ghising of GNLF formed the Darjeeling Gorkha Hill Council (DGHC). After 20 yrs of his chairmanship in this council, on the verge of the council elections, Subhash Ghising demanded for the implementation of the 6th schedule through various forms of undemocratic movements. The State Government, in order for maintaining the long seeking peace in the hills, principally agreed to the question of this 6th schedule. GNLF supporters claimed that it was their victory and organized processions to celebrate and proclaim their victory. Bimal Gurung, the present morcha leader, leaded their procession. Suddenly within a few months, the situation changed, all of their movements and claims changed. They started to demand.”NO 6th schedule, NO DGHC….”, we want separate state ----GORKHALAND----including Siliguri and Dooars”. It is significant to note that in order to create more anarchy, hooliganism and communalism, these morcha leaders are keener in organizing meetings and processions in the plains rather than the hills. Hence the present question not only lies for as an effort for division of West Bengal but also weaken our country through some obvious foreign intruders.
Greater Nepal: revealing Nepal�s hidden truth
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Greater Nepal is a documentary that unravels the fact approximately nepal’s geographical reputation. one of the significant nepali documentaries made up to now, it has cinematically raised problems approximately the country’s identification and boarder encroachments. the documentary is directed by way of manoj pandit. given that our youth, we've got felt splendid pleasure in analyzing approximately our heroic beyond. we nonetheless have fun on being a sovereign u . s . who nobody dared to rule over, not even the british. however are we additionally similarly aware about the sour realities of our country? no, we aren’t. the documentary starts with the aid of showcasing the ancient information about nepal. it recollects the struggles of our ancestors as they widely extended the himalayan kingdom. it also reminds us approximately the anglo-nepal war that took place in 1814-15 a. d.which resulted in the humiliating Treaty of Sugauli. As a result, Nepal had to lose more than one-third of its territory to the East India Company, who was ruling India during the time.
But, after the British left India, the lost territory should have come back to Nepal. The documentary shows enough legal evidences to prove this fact. But, why haven’t we received our valuable territories? Even more, why is India encroaching our land illegally? Why isn’t our government fighting against it? All these inquisitive questions lead the protagonist of the film (the director himself) towards exploring the once great Nepal. He sets on a journey to the places where the wars had taken place and to the lands which should have been his but unfortunately, are not.
On his travels, he realizes the painful truth. His heart aches to know the fact that our renowned political figures have themselves closed this topic when constantly raised by the common people. In the film, legendary historian and novelist Diamond Samsher Rana relates a fascinating tale, “It was during the Rana regime in Nepal. Many English men constantly told the Rana rulers that they ought to take back their lost territories because they legally belong to Nepal. The Rana rulers would reply by saying that since it was already hard for them to handle the present territory, they did not want to invite extra burden. Moreover, those territories had already experienced democracy and the Ranas feared that those people would acknowledge the naive Nepalese to a democratic nation.” Thus, even after democracy, due to various political inclinations, this topic was always pressed down. Our democratic leaders never bothered to raise this sensitive issue.
As the narrator walks further towards the Nepal- India boarders, he constantly visualizes the lands encroached by the Indians. They are slowly increasing their boarders in several parts of Nepal; particularly in Kalapani, Susta, Pyaratal, Bhadrapur and Kakarbhitta every time the country experiences national insurgencies. The interviews with the local victims make the audiences question about their identity and the fakeness that their eyes have always beheld. The dialogues of the native people, "We will die but will save Nepal's land." are immensely heart touching. But, more depressing is the fact that the local government authorities are not bothered at all.
Though the documentary contains some technical faults, Manoj needs applause for raising such an important issue. His effort for preserving our nationality is clearly noticed. An eye- opener, the documentary must be seen at least once by every Nepali citizen. It should also be specially screened for our political leaders. Even after watching this documentary, if no action is taken, that day is not far away when our beautiful country Nepal will be embedded only in the historical books. People will say, "There used to be a wonderful country named Nepal….." -Sampada Malla
Culture and Tradition
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Nepal is a multicultural,multilingual and multiethinic country.Similarly, Nepal has the people of different religious tolerance among the people.However,the people who follow Hindu religion are in great number.Besides this,Buddhism is another popular religion of Nepal.The founder of Buddhism is Gautam Buddha.Who was born in Lumbini,Nepal.He is famous as the Light of Asia.There are many followers of Islam,Christianity,Shikhism,Jainism and Kirat religion.Every religion has its own values and norms.People of every religion can celebrate their festivals according to their culture and traditions.Some important festivals are as follow.
Some festival which is celebrated by different religious communities of Nepal.And This festival is also known as national festivals
Dashain
The Hindus all over the world celebrate Dashain.It is also known as Bada Dashain,Durga Puja,Dusshera and Kalipuja.It falls in autumn in the months of either September or October every year.It is celebrated for fifteen days from the day of Ashwin Shukla Pratipada i.e., Ghatasthapana till Purnima,Goddess Durga is worshipped on the occasion.She is regarded as the Goddess of Power.
The elder members in the family put Tika and Jamara and bestow blessings to the younger members on the tenth day to mark this occasion .The tenth day is remembered as the Day of Victory i.e,Vijaya Dashami.The other major days of Dashain are Phulpati of Saptami,kalaratri or Mahasthami and Mahanawami,which fall on the seventh,eighth and the ninth day respectively. It is a festival of union in the family,of great joy and extreme delight.People put on new clothes and eat delicious food.They go to Dashain fair and exchange greetings and good wishes.People,rich or poor,enjoy alike.
It is believed that this festival is celebrated to mark the victory of Goddess Durga over Maisasur,a demon,and Lord Rama over Ravana,the demon King of Lanka.This festival,therefor,symbolises the victory of good over evil and truth over falsehood.
Tihar
It is another great festival of the Hindus.People celebrate it with great pomp and show.It comes about fifteen days after Dashain.This festival is also called Diwali or Deepawali i.e.,the festival of lights.It is observed for five days from Kartik Krishna Dwadashi up to Kartik Pratipada.The first two days of this festival are dedicated to Kag i.e.,the crow,and Kukur,i.e.,the dog.The third day is called Gai Tihar or Laxmi Puja.Cows are worshipped on this day in the morning and Goddess Laxmi in the evening.She is regarded as the Goddess of Wealth.People clean their houses,decorate and illumine them all night by putting candles,small oil lamps or colourful electric bulbs.And they pray that Goddess Laxmi dwell in their house.People,particularly girls and women play Bhailo in groups on the night of Laxmi Puja.The Gobardhan Puja is observed on the fouth fay and oxen are worshipped.People play Dheusi during the night and the next day.
The final day is called the Bhaitika.On this day,sisters worship their brothers and wish for their long and healthy life.They put tika and garland them.They serve different varieties of sweets,fruits and delicacies to their brothers.The brothers,in turn, give them cash and gifts.
It is believed that this festival is celebrated to mark the return of Lord Rama to his Kingdom in Ayodhya after fourteen years in exile.
Chhat
Chhat is a great festival of the Hindus of central Terai.especially the Maithili people.It is a festival of the Sun-God.It is celebrated on the fifth day of Kartik Shukla,six days after the Laxmi Puja.Both men and women celebrate this festival.However,only women observe fast during the day for three days,worship the setting sun in the evening and then only eat.On the sixth day,they all gather around richly decorated platforms near a local pond or a nearby river early in the morning.They take bath and workship the rising sun with flowers and lamps for the long life and good health of their husbands.After finishing the worship,all the family members sit together and eat variety of sweet.It brings happiness and joy in the family and community.
Lhosar
Lhosar is a Buddhist festival.Lho means year and Sar means new.Lhosar thus basically is a New Year festival.It is celebrated mainly in the Himalayan region by the Gurungs,Tamangs and the Sherpas.They celebrate Lhosar according their own community and customs.Some celebrate it on 15th of Poush,some on Magh Shukla Pratipada and others on Falgun Shukla Pratipada.The Gurungs have Tamu Lhosar,the Tamangs celebrate Sonam Lhosar and the Sherpas observe Gyalpo Lhosar.Lhosar is a festival of feast,joy and dance.people draw swastiks,symbol of peace and good fortune ,in their homes.They also decorate their homes with paintings of natural elements like the Himalayas,the sun,and the Moon.They wear new clothes and eat sumptuous meals.They generally gather at public places and play games,engage in fun,sing and dance.They alos visit their elders and seek their blessings for a healthy and prosperous New year.They exchange greetings and gifts with each other.
Christmas
:The most important festival for the Christians is Christmas.It is also known as X-Mas.The letter X represents the holy sign Cross for the Christians.It falls on 25 December every year.It marks the birth anniversity of Jesus Christ,the founder of Christianity.It is generally celebrated for three days from 24 to 26 December.
Christmas eve is celebrated on 24 December.On Christmas eve,they decorate a pine tree called Christmas Tree with candles,colourful papers,balloons and flowers.They keep the presents and cards given by their friends and relatives under this tree.They open them later to know who owns the most and best of them.They have great fun.
The Christmas father is Santa Claus.It is believed that he comes during the night and leave presents for the children in their socks.During the day,they go to church and pray together.They put on special caps and new clothes.
26 December is known as Boxing Day.Rich people give boxes full of gifts or money or food and clothes ot the poor people.They visit their friends and relatives on the occasion and have a lot of fun,is celebrated as the New Year Day.The christian era started from this date from the time of jesus Christ.They exchange New Year greetings and wish each other good health and prosperity in life.
Eid
Eid is a New Year festival of the Muslim community according to the Hijri or Hijaratera.The Hijriera began from the time of Prophet Mohammad who is the messanger of their Allah.All the Muslims follow the Hijri calender.It is believed that some people threatened to kill Prophet Mohammad while he was preaching his ideas.He along with his followers,therefore,left Mecca for Medina.This journey is called Hijara which means migration.Mecca and Medina are thus the two most holy places of the Muslims.
The Muslims observe a month long fast called Roza during the month of Ramjan.They do not eat anything,not even drink water during daytime.All the family members sit together and eat after sun set.They believe that this will purge and discipline them.They celebrate the last day of Ramjan as Eid-ul-Fitr.They congratulate,embrace and greet each other Eid Mubark which means Happy New Year.They put on new clothes,eat variety of sweets and visit their friends and relatives.They go to the mosques and read Namaz.They also give alms called Zakat to the poor,disabled and needy people.
All these religious festivals carry the message of love and peace.They help to foster friendship,brotherhood and peace in society.Hence,they promote national unity and integration.
Maghe Sangkranti
Maghe Sangkranti has a great importance in the Nepalese society.Most of the Nepalese festivals are based on lunar calender.Yet there are some festivals which are based on solar calender.Nawabarsha(New Year),15th Asar,Saune Sangkranti along with the Maghe Sagrakanti are the festivals based on solar calender.
Sangkranti means the first day of the month .Therefore,Maghe Sangkranti is observed on the first day of the month –Magh.This festival is observed to mark the end of winter season.During December 22nd the sun comes gradually to norhern hemisphere,and the palces at the nothern hemisphere start to get warmer.
Maghe Sangkranti is a social festival.It is celebrated in different ways in different parts of the country.In hilly regions people gather at the riverside and take bath early in the morning and eat Til ko Laddu(a kind of sweet made of sesame),boiled roots(yam,sweet potato,potato,etc.)and Khichadi (dish made with rice and lentil together ).It is believed that all the food that we eat on this day shall have been cooked at the previous day(end of the Poush month)except Khichadi.In terai,especially in Tharu community,this day is celebrated as ‘Maghi’.This day marks the New year in their community.Many of the fairs are organized at different parts of the country.The fun and excitement of these fairs are remembered throughout the year.
This is the one of the days of celebration of social value.such celebrations construct our culture and traditions.It is our duty to conserve these festivals which are celebrated by different communities of the country.
Ram Nawami
Ram Nawami is one of the important festivals of all the Hindu people of Nepal.It falls on the 9th day of the full moon fortnight of Chaitra.It is believed that the Lord Ram was born on this day.Lord Ram was one of the most influential incarnations of Lord Vishnu who is one of the Trinity.Lord vishnu is the God who takes care of all the living beings after being created by Brahma.It is believed Lord Mahesh (Shiva)takes the life later on.
Ram was an ideal person.He was obedient to his parents and the caretaker of responsibilities.We gain Knowledge of obedience,brotherhood,peace,endurance,tolerance,apology,justice and above all the truthfulness by studying his life.
Many people observe this day with fasting .Early in the morning people visit the temples of Lord Ram.A grand fair takes places at Ram Janaki Temple in Janakpur. Religous Traditions and Festivals
Nepal is a multicultural,multilingual and multiethinic country.Similarly Nepal has the people of different religious tolerance among the people.However,the people who follow Hindu religion are in great number.Besides this,Buddhism is another popular religion of Nepal.The founder of Buddhism is Gautam Buddha.Who was born in Lumbini,Nepal.He is famous as the Light of Asia.There are many followers of Islam,Christianity,Shikhism,Jainism and Kirat religion.Every religion has its own values and norms.People of every religion can celebrate their festivals according to their culture and traditions.Some important festivals are as follow.
Janai Purnima
Janai Purnima is the common name of the festival Rishi Tarpani or Raksha Bandhan.This festival falls on Shrawan Shukla Purnima (The full moon day of Shrawan).This day is one of the most important days for the Hindu community because it has highly religious value.People take bath early in the morning and the male members of Brahman and Chetri change Janai for the year.Janai is the sacred thread,which they start to wear after the Bratabandha or Upanayan ceremony.On the same day all the people receive another sacred thread yagyopavit(Raksha Bandan).It is believed that this tread prevents them from on every kind of misfortunes.In the terai sisters tie Rakhi on the brothers’ wrists,secure their brothers making from any kind of mishaps.On this day all the people of Newar community prepare a special Kind of soup,Kwanti which is made by mixing nine different kinds of seeds.Teej
This festival is celebrated by the women of Hindu society.This festival falls on Bhadra Shukla Tritiya (the third day of the full moon of Bhadra).This festival is also known as Haritalika.On this day all the women observe fasting for the whole day.It is believed that in the Vedic period,Parvati observed fasting on this day hoping to marry with Lord Shiva.And just after that she got married with him.So,the married women celebrate this festival for better status and long lives of their husbands,and the unmarried girls wish for good husbands.On the eve of Teej(The evening before the fasting day)all the women eat ‘Dar’ with the family members.Dar is a special meal,prepared for that special day of Teej.Shree Panchami
The festival which is celebrated on the fifth day of Magh Shukla Panchami (the fifth day of the full moon day of Magh)is famous as Shree Pancchami.This is also called as Basanta Panchanmi as spring season begins from this day.Saraswati is worshipped on this occasion Saraswati is the goddess of learning and wisdom.Most of the people of Hindu community go to the near by Saraswati temple and worship her.This is the special day for the students.People believe that this students.People believe that day is the best day for their children to start formal learning because they believe that goddess Saraswati gives them a divine blessing on this day.
In Buddhist community,this day is called as Manju Panchami.Manjushree is the god of learning for the Buddhists.
Udhauli/Ubhauli
Nepal’s social customs
Introduction
Nepal is a multilingual,multiracial and multi-religious country.It is said that Nepal is garden of four castes and thirty-six sub-castes.People from different castes and religions live here in mutual cooperation and friendly environment.They make a common culture,which is called Nepali culture.The people living in mountains are of different cultures than those living in hills and the Terai.Some of the social characters,cultures,traditions,practices and customs are described below.
Brahmins and Chhetris
Brahmins and Chhetris live in all the ecological zones like the Mountain,Hill and Terai.They follow Hindu tradition.They are very rich in culture and high position in the society.After eleven days of child birth ,the family celebrates Nwaran ceremony which is naming day.Bratabandha is performed for a son.The boy is given sacred thread(janai)after some religious rites.After reaching adulthood individuals perform marriage.Marriage is an important social custom.Recently,love and arranged marriages are also becoming popular.They burn the dead body according to Hindu tradition.They celebrate many festivals like Dashain,Tihar,Teej,Janai purnima,shivarati.Holi and Chhat are especially celebrated in the Terai region.Newars
Mostly Newars live in Kathmandu Valley.Newars are very rich in their culture and customs.It is said that there is seldom a month when Newari festival does not take place.The Nwaran is done from the fourth to eleventh day of the birth.Belbiwaha (lhi)is very famous among the Newars.They have customs of Gufa for the girls.Both love and arranged marriages are practiced.Dead body is burnt according to their tradition.They celebrate Dashian,Tihar (Mhapuja)Gai Jatra,Ghode Jatra,Indra Jatra,Gathemangal,Kumari Jatra,Maghe sankranti etc.with great extravagance.
Magar
Magar mostly live in the hills.The name giving ceremony is performed from the elevnth to fifteenth day of the baby’s birth.Magars have become the most tolerable caste among the Nepalese.Love,arranged and Jari marriage are seen in the Magar community.Marriage between ‘Mama Cheli’ and ‘Phupu Chelo’is common in Magar community.They cheer their life everyday with eating and dancing.The deceased is burnt in this community.Koura Nach,Ghatu Nach,Nag Pooja,etc.are popular festivals among the Magars.
Sherpas
The Sherpas live in the high hills and mountains.The Nwaran ceremony is celebrated on the third,seventh and eleventh days of the baby’s birth.Mostly they belong to Buddhism.Love,arranged and jari marriages are practised.Dead body is buried in a crematorium.Lhosar,Dumji,Osho,etc.are the famous festivals among the Sherpas.
Tharus
The Tharus live mostly in the Terai.They are very simple minded people.Their perculiar culture is famous all over the world.The Nwaran is performed from the sixth to ninth day of the birth.Both love and arranged marriages are practised.The dead body is either burned or burried.Maghi,Phagu,Jitia,etc.are the famous festivals in Tharu community.
Limbus
The Limbus live in the eastern mountains of Nepal.Nwaran(Name giving ceremony)of girl child is done on third day,but boy’s name is given on the fourth day of the birth.They worship nature like rivers and Himal.Love marriage,arranged marriage and ‘Chori Bibaha’are very common in Limbu community.The dead body is buried in a fixed crematorium.They celebrate famous festivals Udhauli on the full moon day of Mangsir and Ubhauli on the full moon day of Baishakh.Dhan Nacha is famous folk dance of Limbu community.
Rais
Rais community mostly live in eastern hills of Nepal.They give name to the newly baby from the third day to the sixth day of their birth.They follow both love and arranged marriages.After death the dead body is buried in a grave in a fixed place.They have a peculiar custom of firing guns during funeral procession,Chandi Naach(Sakela),Nwagi and Badangmet are their festivals.
About Nepal
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Nepal is a federal democratic republic u . s . .nepal has about 30 million human beings.kathmandu is the capital town of nepal.its country wide anthem is sayaun Thunga phool ka hami....
National Anthem
word in english
Sayau thuga phulka hami, euṭai mala nepali
Sarwabhaum bhai phailieka, Mechi-Mahakali
Sayau thugā phulka hami, euṭai mala nepali
Sarwabhaum bhai phailieka, Mechi-Mahakali
Prakritika koti-koti sampadako achala,
birharuka ragata le, swatantra ra aṭala
Gyanabhumi, śhantibhumi Tarai, pahad, himala
Akhaṇḍa yo pyaro hamro matṛibhumi Nepala
Bahul jati, bhaṣha, dharma, sanskṛti chan bishala
Agragami raṣhṭra hamro, jaya jaya Nepala
Written by: Byakul Maila (pradeep Rai)
Boundries:
Nepal is landlocked between China and India.The Himalayan ranges in the north form the natural boundaries between Nepal and China.Nepal has the Tibetan Autonomous Region of China to its north.India borders it in the east, west adn south.The two countries share open borders.While the rivers mechi in the east and mahakali in the west stand as our natural boundaries with india,in the south it is marked by boundary pillars which is known as Dasagaja.
The flag of the Nepal was decided on December 16, 1962. Nepal is the only the country which national flag is not rectangular or square in shape. It comprises of a sun and a moon which had previously human faces but the images were removed when the flag was modernized in 1962. It is being said that the national flag of Nepal anticipates, that the nation will last as long as the sun and moon is there on earth. The blue border on the flag of Nepal signifies peace, red stands for the color of rhododendron, the national flower of Nepal. The curved moon is symbolic of the royal house and the sun represents the Rana dynasty.Area and Size
:Nepal is roughly rectangular in shape.It has a total land area of 1,47,181 km sq.It occupies only about 0.03% of the total land of the earth and 0.3% of Asia.It is 800 kilometers long from east to west and 193 kilometers wide from north to south on an average.India,its immediate neighbour to the South,is about 23 times bigger size.Another neighbour to its north,China,has a land area which is about 63 times bigger.Nepal,however,is not the smallest country in the world.There are many countries which are much smaller than Nepal.Our country,for example,is bout twice the size of Sri Lanka about three times bigger than Bhutan.
Administratively
, the country is divided into five development regions.This division has been made for good administration and proper development of he country.
The five development regions with their headquarters are as follows:
1.Eastern Development Region:Its headquarters is Dhankuta
2.Central Development Region:Its headquarters is kathmandu
3.western Development Region:Its headquarters is pokhara
4.Mid-western Development Region:Its headquarters is Birendranagar
5.Far-western Development Region:Its headquarters is Dipayal
The country has further been divided into several political and administrative units known as Zones,Districts,Municipalities and Village Development committees (VDCs).There are at present 14 zones, 75 districts, 58 municipalites and 3913 VDCs.
Physical Divisions
: Nepal can be divided into three Physical divisions.The relief feature,climate condition and natural vegetation varies in these areas.The three divisions are briefly described here under:Himalayan Region
:The Himalayan region lies in the northern part of the country.Its height ranges from 3000 meters above the sea level.It has various lofty peaks.The world's tallest peak,Mount Everest,which is 8848 meters high lies in this region.Other mountain peaks in the region are Manaslu,Makalu,Lhotse,Annapurna,Dhaulagiri etc.There is Perpetual snow over meters.The Himalayan region covers 15% of the total land area of our country but only about 2% of the land is suitable for cultivation.Hilly Region
:The Hilly region lies between the Himalayan region and the Terai region.It is the biggest region covering about 68% of the total land area of the country.It ranges from 600 meters to 3000 meters above the sea elevated flat lands and midland valleys.The valleys lying between the Mahabharat and the Churai ranges are called Dun or the Inner Terai.These valleys have alluvial soil and are very fertile for agriculture.Terai Region
:The southern most region of Nepal that stretches from Mechi to Mahakali is the Terai region.It lies from 300 meters above the sea level to 600 meters.It covers about 17% of the total land area of Nepal.The Terai region is very fertile.It gets plenty of rainfall.Most of the country's agricultural activities take place in this region.This region is called the Granary Of Nepal(ware house of Nepal) because sufficient food grains required for the country is produced in this region.River system
:Nepal is known as the second richest country of river.Let me describe you about the river system of nepal in details-: The river system constitutes another important relief feature of this country.All major rivers originate from the Himalayas.The rivers are snow-fed and swift flowing.These rivers are good for generating hydro-electricity.This country has three major river systems.They are the koshi,the Gandaki and the Karnali
The koshi is the largest river of the country.It flows through the eastern part of our country.It is also known as the Saptakoshi because it has seven tributaries.Its seven territories are Sunkoshi,Dudhkoshi,Tamakoshi,Tamor,Arun,Likhu and Indrawati
The Karnali is the longest river of this country.It flows through the western part of the country.It has nine tributaries - Bheri,Sanobheri,Thulobheri,karnali,Mugukarnali,Humlakarna,Budiganga,Tila and Seti.Besides these major river systems,the country also has many other important rivers.Mechi,kankai,Bagmati,Mahakali etc.are examples
Natural Resources of Nepal
Nepal is a rich country in natural resources.If it is utilize around half of the resources in a systematic and sustainable way,Nepal can easily stand as one of the richest countries in the world.But there are many more constraints in utilization of the resources.Some major resources of Nepal are explained below:
Water Resources
:Nepal is a very rich country in its water resource.It occupies only0.03% of the total land area of the earth but it has 2.27% of the water resources of the world.It is the second richest country in the world in water resources,next to Barzil only.The great Himalayas in the north of our country are the source of perennial rivers like Koshi,Gandaki and Karnali.They are formed by many tributaries that are originated from glaciers of the Himalayas.Similarly many streams are originated from the Mahavarat Mountain ranges which have forest and monsoon.Such streams contain a lot of water in the rainy seasons and very less in dry season.Many rivulets originate from Churiya ranges in the rainy season and dry in the winter and hot seasons.There are more than 6000 rivers and rivulets in this country.There are many lakes,ponds and waterfalls in this country.Nepal has lot of underground water as well.Forest
:The official guess of this country states that there is 37 to 40% of total land occupied by forest.According to statistical pocket book 2006 AD,national park,wildlife reserves,hunting reserves and conservation area occupy 18.33% of total land.Nepal has tropical evergreen forest(43%),decidous monsoon forest (46%) and conifer forest (11%).The popular saying “Green forest,Nepal’s wealth” is still meaningful.We get fodder (for animals),agricultural tools,timely rainfall and long life of springs from the forest.Forest is backbone of Nepalese agriculture.
Soil
:Generally,soil refers cultivable land in our context.Next has just 17% of total land as cultivable land.There is a variety of soil in it.Terai region has alluvial soil.It is very good for growing paddy,wheat,oilseed,sugar cane,jute and tobacco.Inner Terai and Chure range have sandy boulder soil.It is good for maize,potato,oil seeds,groundnut,coconut,palm,etc.There is reddish grey residual soil in the hills of Mahabharat range.This type of soil is suitable for potato,maize,soybean,fruits and tea.Black lacustrine soil is found in Kathmandu Valley.Which is very good for growing green vegetables and different food crops.There is clayey soil in the Himalayan region.It is less fertile,so only buckwheat,maize,potato and apple can be grown there.
Greater Nepal: A Quest
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Greater Nepal: A Quest
Greater Nepal Before Sugauli Treaty
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Greater Nepal Before Sugauli Treaty
Territorial Boundaries of Nepal around Sugauli Treaty
Public Domain Image from Wikipedia
Earlier than the battle among nepal and india, nepal’s territory become as much as pakistan in the west and up to bhutan in the west. nepal had to provide away locations like sikkim, darjeeling, nalapani and the most politically debated regions of jammu and kashmir. nepal gave 1/3 of its land to india, just for the sake to preserve peace and give up the fight between gorkhali nepal and british east india business enterprise.
What History says about Greater Nepal
British East India Company wanted cooler places full of resources
When British captured India, they realized that they were in a very hot and dry place. So, they were in search of some moderate cool place where they could ease their summer and also get more resources to develop their power. At that time, the first Shah King of Nepal – Prithvi Narayan Shah had unified Nepal up to Bhutan and Bangladesh in the east covering Darjeeling and Sikkim, and up to Pakistan in the west covering areas like Nainital and Shimla (which are in India now).Nepal was as much beautiful as it is now and full of natural resources. Prithvi Narayan Shah was the king of a small kingdom Gorkha in the central Nepal and the soldiers were known as Gorkhali soldiers.
Gorkhali Soldiers and Khukuri
The Gorkhali troops only had Khukuri as their weapon. With this knife-type weapon, their intelligence and their bravery, they fought with the British. Though British had high-end weapons, guns, tanks, and artillery, they were not of much importance in the hills and mountains of Nepal. Nepal had forts on the top of the hills from where they would roll huge stones and rocks to defend and attack the British. Slowly and slowly, British lost its soldiers and weapons. Then, they started attacking other plain areas of Nepal which proved much more effective.
Gurkha soldiers of the Anglo Nepal War (1815)
This war was the biggest in the history of Nepal and continued for three years from 1814 A.D. Soldiers from both the countries were being killed like animals. But this still did not stop Nepal to defend itself. Many lost their lives. To stop this massacre and to maintain peace the first prime minister of Nepal, Bhimsen Thapa made a treaty with the then general of the British.
Bhimsen Thapa’s Gorkha troops, right, at Sugauli (1814)
Gurkha soldiers of the Anglo Nepal War (1815)
Public Domain Photo via Wikimedia Commons
They also attacked by stopping water supply to the barracks and Nepali forts which caused many Nepali Gorkhali soldiers to become ill. This happened in the Nalapani fort. But with the utmost bravery, Nepali soldiers fought with the British, killed them and quenched their thirst from a river nearby. As an apex power in the world, this was not going to stop British. They sent a huge army and started attacking again.This war was the biggest in the history of Nepal and continued for three years from 1814 A.D. Soldiers from both the countries were being killed like animals. But this still did not stop Nepal to defend itself. Many lost their lives. To stop this massacre and to maintain peace the first prime minister of Nepal, Bhimsen Thapa made a treaty with the then general of the British.
Sugauli Treaty (1816)
Bhimsen Thapa’s Gorkha troops, right, at Sugauli (1814)
Public Domain Photo from Wikipedia
The Sugauli Treaty was agreed upon the fact that Nepal would give some of its lands in the east and west to stop this war and maintain peace so that no lives would be spent. The British were also short of soldiers and weapons, so they agreed upon this. This treaty is famous with the name of Sugauli Treaty between India and Nepal.This is how the concept of Greater Nepal was developed
In this way, Nepal lost some of its parts in the east and west and was limited to what it is now. But, Nepal was never invaded nor colonized by the supreme British power. Nepal is the only country in the world which was never colonized. This was due to the bravery of the great Gorkhali soldiers. Owing this bravery, British made a statue of a great Nepali soldier- Bir Balbhadra Kunwar in the Nalapani fort. Today, Gorkhali soldiers are highly respected all over the world, much more in the UK. This signifies the bravery of Nepal.
Nepal is also known as The Land of Warriors.
Nepal is also known as The Land of Warriors.
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